Fundamentals & Architecture: Introduction to DBMS, the three-level ANSI-SPARC architecture, and data independence.

Data Modeling: In-depth coverage of the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model, Enhanced ER (EER) modeling, and Object-Oriented databases.

Relational Model: Focuses on Relational Algebra, Relational Calculus, and SQL (including DDL, DML, and advanced query optimization).

Database Design: Key principles of Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF) and functional dependencies to ensure data integrity.

Storage & Indexing: Physical data organization, file structures, and indexing techniques like B-trees and hashing.